Parity builds free, peer-benchmarked reports on parking and traffic citation practices — fine amounts, ticket volume, revenue dependency — using public records, verified with you before anything is shared any further. No obligation, no sales pitch — just a clear picture of where you stand.
of general fund revenue comes from fines and fees in over 730 U.S. municipalities — the same dependency ratio investigators look at when assessing "policing for profit" risk.
Most cities don't carry standalone commercial liability insurance — they pool risk with dozens or hundreds of others through a Joint Powers Authority (JPA) or similar risk pool. Those pools already track enforcement-related liability as a distinct risk category and score members on it.
~500 municipal risk pools cover 80%+ of the 90,000+ public entities in the U.S. — most small-to-mid cities are insured this way, not through a standalone policy.
Based in La Palma — splits its Liability Program into "Agencies with Police Exposure" vs. without, and scores members on claims cost and severity.
Covers 2,700+ local governments for liability — enforcement risk is already priced in, city by city.
Keeping ticketing practices in line with peers is the same kind of housekeeping that shows up favorably in how your city is scored and priced by whoever insures it — and it's a defensible, evidence-backed answer if the question ever comes up publicly.
The DOJ's 2015 civil rights investigation tied ticket quotas and fee-stacking to a pattern of unconstitutional revenue collection, leading to a federal consent decree the city still operates under.
An ACLU suit alleging an unconstitutional "debtors' prison" settled in 2016 — the city adopted court-wide reforms estimated to cost roughly $344,000 a year going forward.
A federal class action alleged the city jailed people for unpaid court debt without an ability-to-pay hearing — the same constitutional theory now used against dozens of jurisdictions nationwide.
A town of 1,200 saw a 600% jump in fines-and-forfeitures revenue, drew an Attorney General investigation, and made national headlines. In April 2023, a federal judge refused to dismiss the resulting class action, citing the police department's "institutional interest" in generating fees.
Worth noting: this is civil, not criminal — Section 1983 civil rights claims, DOJ civil investigations, and class actions, not criminal charges against a city. But it's still real exposure on a balance sheet: settlement costs, mandated reforms, and legal fees. Most cities that end up in this conversation didn't set out to — they just never had an easy way to see how they compared.
Using your city's public open data or budget filings, compared against 3–5 similar cities.
We send it to you directly to check accuracy before it's shared any further.
Free, no obligation — a clear picture of where your city stands, and an early look at anything worth knowing.
If you're a City Manager (or on that team), tell us who you are and we'll follow up directly — this is a hands-on pilot right now, not an automated signup.
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